Revisit: BLUEFIELDS, NICARAGUA (CA. 1650- )

A city at the mouth of the Escondido River and the Caribbean Sea, Bluefields is home to a large black settlement on the east coast of Nicaragua and is strongly associated with Black Creole culture.  Nicaragua has the largest population of African descent in Central America and approximately two-thirds of that group resides in and around Bluefields.  The black presence in the region goes back to the 17th century as Puritans … Continue reading Revisit: BLUEFIELDS, NICARAGUA (CA. 1650- )

Revisit:EAST AFRICAN CITY STATES (1000-1500)

From approximately 1000 to 1500 AD, a number of city-states on the eastern coast of Africa participated in an international trade network and became cosmopolitan Islamic cultural centers. The major autonomous, but symbiotic, city-states stretched over 1,500 miles from Mogadishu (in modern day Somalia) in the north to Sofala (in modern Mozambique) in the south and included Mombasa, Gedi, Pate, Lamu, Malindi, Zanzibar, and Kilwa. Each of these … Continue reading Revisit:EAST AFRICAN CITY STATES (1000-1500)

Revisit: EMPIRE OF KANEM-BORNU (CA. 9TH CENTURY-1900)

The Kanem-Bornu Empire was a large African state which existed from the 9th century through the end of the 19th century and which spanned a region which today includes the modern-day countries of Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria. The empire was founded by the Zaghawa nomadic people, who may have been the first in the central Sudan to acquire and make use of iron technology … Continue reading Revisit: EMPIRE OF KANEM-BORNU (CA. 9TH CENTURY-1900)

Revisit: LITTLE LIBERIA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, 1919

Initiated in the early 20th century by Los Angeles attorney Hugh Macbeth and the Lower California Mexican Land and Development Company, the Baja California settlement known as “Little Liberia” was envisioned as a racially-exclusive community through which African Americans would have the opportunity for vocational, economic, and agricultural advancement.  Located northeast of the town of Ensenada, “Little Liberia” was based on the notions of economic … Continue reading Revisit: LITTLE LIBERIA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, 1919