Revisit: KANSAS STATE COLORED CONVENTION (1863)

The first Kansas State Colored Convention was a call from black Kansans to be granted a future of “Liberty, Justice and Equality” under the United States government.  The first Kansas Colored Convention was held in Leavenworth, Kansas on October 13-16, 1863 in the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church.  The twenty-three delegates who attended the convention represented nearly seven thousand black Kansans.  They discussed issues that … Continue reading Revisit: KANSAS STATE COLORED CONVENTION (1863)

THE WAPATO RACE RIOT, 1938

Around 10 P.M. on Saturday, July 9, 1938, a mob (estimated by local paper to be two hundred strong) of white residents of Wapato, a small town in the Yakima Valley region of Washington State, instigated what the Yakima Morning Herald termed a “miniature race war.” For two hours, the mob rioted with clubs, hammers, sticks, and rocks with the aim to drive the small African American … Continue reading THE WAPATO RACE RIOT, 1938

Revisit: BLACK PANTHER PARTY’S FREE BREAKFAST PROGRAM (1969-1980)

In 1966, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale created the Black Panther Party for Self Defense to address police oppression of blacks in Oakland, California.  Because community members also turned to the Panthers for help with economic and social problems like job discrimination and evictions, the Panthers started community services in 1969 to build community self-determination.  The Panthers’ first and most successful community program was the Free Breakfast for Children Program. Continue reading Revisit: BLACK PANTHER PARTY’S FREE BREAKFAST PROGRAM (1969-1980)

THE NEW MEXICO TERRITORY SLAVE CODE (1859

Slavery in New Mexico Territory was never focused on black bondage as in the Southern states. New Mexico Territory never had more than a dozen or so black slaves because it had other forms sources of coerced labor, both Native American indentured servants and slaves, and Mexican peons. The economy of antebellum New Mexico Territory was similar to the Old South with a small aristocracy of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking landowners holding … Continue reading THE NEW MEXICO TERRITORY SLAVE CODE (1859