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Revisit: KINGDOM OF BENIN

Benin, a pre-colonial kingdom in what is now southwestern Nigeria, is believed to have been established before the eleventh century. It was founded by Edo-speaking peoples, but became more ethnically diverse when invaders from the grasslands of the Sudan settled and intermarried with local women. Based on oral tradition, Benin is said to have begun as family clusters of hunters, gatherers, and agriculturalists who eventually created villages.  By … Continue reading Revisit: KINGDOM OF BENIN

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African American History

PALMARES (CA. 1605-1694)

Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a settlement of fugitive slaves established gradually from the early 1600s to 1694, about 60k inland from the northeast coast of Brazilaround the regions of Pernambuco and Alagoas. Estimates indicated that 10,000 to 20,000 fugitive slaves, native Brazilians, and various outcast groups (such as Jews and Muslims) inhabited Palmares throughout the period. Portuguese colonization, particularly from 1570, brought sugar cane plantations to … Continue reading PALMARES (CA. 1605-1694)

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African American History

Revisit: AXUM (CA. 100 B.C.E.-CA. 650 A.D.)

Located in the northeast region of contemporary Ethiopia, the city of Axum sits on a high plateau next to the Red Sea. With the city’s ascendance centuries before the birth of Christ and its position next to the Red Sea, Axum became a major center for international trade. Known for its monumental obelisk and as an early center of Christianity in Africa, Axum became one … Continue reading Revisit: AXUM (CA. 100 B.C.E.-CA. 650 A.D.)

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GHANA (CA. 750-1076)

Located in the Western region of Africa, Ancient Ghana occupied an area that includes the present-day nations of Mauritania and Mali, was the first of three powerful centralized statesto emerge in the savanna, a vast, flat grassland area between the Sahara Desert on the north and the coastal rain forest along the Atlantic Ocean to the south.  Ghana flourished in the 8th through 11th centuries because of its control of major routes of … Continue reading GHANA (CA. 750-1076)

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