Revisit: EMPIRE OF KANEM-BORNU (CA. 9TH CENTURY-1900)

The Kanem-Bornu Empire was a large African state which existed from the 9th century through the end of the 19th century and which spanned a region which today includes the modern-day countries of Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Nigeria. The empire was founded by the Zaghawa nomadic people, who may have been the first in the central Sudan to acquire and make use of iron technology … Continue reading Revisit: EMPIRE OF KANEM-BORNU (CA. 9TH CENTURY-1900)

Revisit: SALTSPRING ISLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Now known as an upscale tourist destination, few people realize that Saltspring Island, British Columbia was seen as a land of freedom and of opportunity for many blacks in the mid-19th Century.  It was a new frontier where blacks were granted rights by the British that had been denied to them in the United States. In the 1850s, Saltspring Island was an attractive place to settle because of its … Continue reading Revisit: SALTSPRING ISLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA

KINGDOM OF OYO (CA. 1500-1837)

Oyo, a pre-colonial kingdom in present-day Nigeria, was founded in the 1300s. Established by Oranmiyan of the Yoruba people of West Africa, Oyo quickly grew to become one of the most powerful states in the Yoruba-speaking region.  From its capital city at Oyo-Ile, this weak state in the early 1500s, had by 1550 conquered two neighboring kingdoms, Borgu and Nupe, to become the most dominant political … Continue reading KINGDOM OF OYO (CA. 1500-1837)

revisit: SONGHAI EMPIRE (CA. 1375-1591)

The Songhai Empire, the last of West Africa’s pre-colonial empires, emerged in Gao and expanded across the region. Under Sunni Ali Ber and Askia Muhammad Toure, it grew through conquest and trade. However, a civil war led to Moroccan conquest in 1591. Although the Moroccans withdrew in 1661, the empire could not be reestablished and fell to French colonial forces in 1901. Continue reading revisit: SONGHAI EMPIRE (CA. 1375-1591)